Filing an Insurance Claim, Step by Step

Filing a claim is the moment your insurance is meant for, but it can still feel confusing. The process is similar for most types of property claims: report, document, work with an adjuster, and review the settlement. This checklist keeps you organized from start to finish. Timelines and rules vary by state and insurer, so follow the specific instructions in your policy.

Right after the loss

• Make sure everyone is safe — call emergency services if there is danger or injury.
• Prevent further damage — cover a broken window, shut off water to a leaking pipe, or tarp a damaged roof if it is safe to do so. Policies often expect reasonable steps to limit damage.
• Keep receipts for emergency repairs — these may be reimbursable.
• Report crimes to police — theft and vandalism usually require a police report. Note the report number.

Before you call your insurer

• Find your policy number — on your declarations page, insurance card, or app.
• Review your coverage — check what is covered, your limits, and your deductible.
• Note the date and time of the loss — and a brief description of what happened.
• Decide whether to file — for small losses close to your deductible, some people choose to pay out of pocket; ask your insurer how claims may affect future rates.

Report the claim

• Contact your insurer promptly — by phone, app, or website. Many policies require prompt notice.
• Write down your claim number.
• Get the adjuster’s name and contact information.
• Ask about next steps and timelines — when will the adjuster reach out, and what do they need from you?
• Ask about temporary living expenses or a rental car — if your home is unlivable or your car is not drivable.

Document the damage

• Take photos and video — before any cleanup, from multiple angles, including wide shots and close-ups.
• Make a list of damaged or missing items — include descriptions, approximate age, and value.
• Gather proof of ownership — receipts, bank statements, photos, or your home inventory.
• Keep damaged items — until the adjuster says you can dispose of them.
• Save all related expenses — hotel, meals, storage, and repairs.

Work with the adjuster

• Be present for the inspection if possible — point out all damage, including less obvious issues.
• Ask questions — about what is covered, how items will be valued, and how long the process usually takes.
• Get repair estimates — your insurer may request one or more from licensed contractors or repair shops.
• Keep a log of every conversation — date, person, and summary.
• Respond to requests quickly — missing paperwork is a common cause of delays.
• Put important requests in writing — email creates a record.

Review the settlement

• Read the settlement explanation carefully — check that every item you reported is addressed.
• Understand how value was calculated — actual cash value subtracts depreciation; replacement cost may pay the depreciation after you replace an item.
• Check that your deductible was applied correctly.
• Ask about recoverable depreciation — if you have replacement cost coverage, you may need to submit receipts after replacing items.
• Watch for multiple payees — mortgage lenders may be listed on home repair payments.

If you disagree

• Ask for an explanation in writing — including the specific policy language used.
• Provide more documentation — additional estimates or evidence can support your position.
• Ask about appraisal — many property policies include an appraisal process for disputes over the amount of a loss.
• Contact your state’s department of insurance — they handle consumer complaints about claims.
• Consider professional help — a licensed public adjuster or attorney, depending on the situation and your state’s rules.

Close out the claim

• Confirm all payments were received.
• Keep your claim file — for at least several years.
• Update your home inventory and coverage — replaced items may need to be added back, and the experience may reveal gaps worth addressing.

General education only — not personalized insurance, legal, or financial advice. CoverFind is not an insurance agency and does not sell policies.